1. 氣源設備：動力核心單元

1. Gas source equipment: power core unit

氣源設備為系統提供穩定的氣流動力，是整個輸送過程的能量來源。羅茨風機作為典型代表，憑借雙葉輪的同步旋轉產生連續穩定的高壓氣流，適用于中低壓力、大流量的物料輸送場景；而壓縮機則通過機械壓縮大幅提升氣體壓力，常用于長距離、高阻力的氣力輸送系統。這些設備根據輸送需求精準調控氣流壓力與流量，為物料輸送提供持續動力支持。

The gas source equipment provides stable airflow power for the system and is the energy source for the entire conveying process. As a typical representative, Roots blower generates continuous and stable high-pressure airflow through the synchronous rotation of dual impellers, which is suitable for material conveying scenarios with low to medium pressure and high flow rate; The compressor significantly increases gas pressure through mechanical compression and is commonly used in long-distance, high resistance pneumatic conveying systems. These devices precisely regulate the airflow pressure and flow rate according to the conveying requirements, providing continuous power support for material conveying.

2. 供料裝置：物料輸入樞紐

2. Feeding device: Material input hub

供料裝置負責將物料均勻、穩定地導入輸送管道，是連接外部物料存儲與內部輸送系統的關鍵環節。旋轉閥通過轉子的周期性轉動，實現物料的定量供給，可精確控制進料速度與流量；螺旋輸送機則利用螺旋葉片的旋轉推送物料，適用于粉狀、顆粒狀物料的連續輸送。此類裝置通過合理設計進料口結構與驅動參數，避免物料堵塞或輸送波動，確保供料過程的連續性與穩定性。

The feeding device is responsible for uniformly and stably introducing materials into the conveying pipeline, and is a key link connecting external material storage and internal conveying systems. The rotary valve achieves quantitative supply of materials through the periodic rotation of the rotor, and can accurately control the feeding speed and flow rate; Spiral conveyor utilizes the rotation of spiral blades to push materials, suitable for continuous conveying of powdery and granular materials. This type of device ensures the continuity and stability of the feeding process by designing the feed inlet structure and driving parameters reasonably to avoid material blockage or conveying fluctuations.

3. 輸送管道：物料傳輸通道

3. Conveyor pipeline: Material transport channel

輸送管道作為物料輸送的載體，通常采用耐磨合金鋼、陶瓷內襯復合管等耐腐蝕、高強度材料制造，以應對物料摩擦與化學侵蝕。其管徑與形狀設計需綜合考慮物料特性（粒度、密度、流動性）、輸送量及輸送距離等因素。例如，輸送高磨損性物料時，管道內壁需增加耐磨涂層；針對長距離輸送，則需優化管徑與坡度，減少氣流阻力，保障物料順暢輸送。

As a carrier for material transportation, conveying pipelines are usually made of corrosion-resistant and high-strength materials such as wear-resistant alloy steel and ceramic lined composite pipes to cope with material friction and chemical erosion. The design of its pipe diameter and shape needs to comprehensively consider factors such as material characteristics (particle size, density, flowability), conveying capacity, and conveying distance. For example, when transporting high wear materials, wear-resistant coatings need to be added to the inner wall of the pipeline; For long-distance transportation, it is necessary to optimize the pipe diameter and slope, reduce air flow resistance, and ensure smooth material transportation.

4. 分離器：氣固分離裝置

4. Separators: gas-solid separation devices

分離器承擔物料與輸送氣體的分離任務，常見類型包括旋風分離器與布袋除塵器。旋風分離器利用離心力原理，使高速旋轉的氣固混合物中，物料因離心力作用沿器壁沉降分離；布袋除塵器則通過濾袋攔截氣體中的細微顆粒，實現高精度氣固分離。兩種設備常組合使用，前者處理大顆粒物料，后者捕集細微粉塵，確保排出氣體符合環保標準。

Separators are responsible for separating materials and conveying gases, and common types include cyclone separators and bag filters. The cyclone separator utilizes the principle of centrifugal force to cause the material in the high-speed rotating gas-solid mixture to settle and separate along the wall due to centrifugal force; The bag filter intercepts fine particles in the gas through the filter bag, achieving high-precision gas-solid separation. Two types of equipment are often used in combination, with the former processing large particle materials and the latter capturing fine dust to ensure that the exhaust gas meets environmental standards.

5. 卸料裝置：物料輸出終端

5. Unloading device: Material output terminal

卸料裝置負責將分離后的物料安全排出系統，常見設備有卸料閥與卸料倉。卸料閥通過機械啟閉或氣動控制，實現物料的有序卸料，并防止氣體反竄；卸料倉則作為臨時存儲單元，緩沖物料流量，配合下游設備實現連續生產。這些裝置需具備良好的密封性與卸料流暢性，避免物料殘留或泄漏。

The unloading device is responsible for safely discharging the separated materials from the system. Common equipment includes unloading valves and unloading bins. The discharge valve is controlled by mechanical opening and closing or pneumatic control to achieve orderly discharge of materials and prevent gas backflow; The unloading bin serves as a temporary storage unit to buffer material flow and cooperate with downstream equipment to achieve continuous production. These devices need to have good sealing and smooth discharge to avoid material residue or leakage.

6. 控制系統：智能調控中樞

6. Control System: Intelligent Control Center

控制系統采用 PLC、DCS 等自動化技術，實時監測系統運行參數，如氣流速度、供料量、管道壓力等，并通過傳感器反饋與預設值進行對比分析。一旦參數偏離閾值，系統自動調節氣源設備轉速、供料裝置進料量或閥門開度，確保輸送過程穩定。此外，系統還集成故障診斷與報警功能，及時提示異常情況，保障設備安全運行。

The control system adopts automation technologies such as PLC and DCS to monitor system operating parameters in real time, such as airflow velocity, feed rate, pipeline pressure, etc., and compares and analyzes them with preset values through sensor feedback. Once the parameters deviate from the threshold, the system automatically adjusts the speed of the gas source equipment, the feeding amount of the feeding device, or the valve opening to ensure the stability of the conveying process. In addition, the system also integrates fault diagnosis and alarm functions to promptly prompt abnormal situations and ensure the safe operation of equipment.

7. 輔助部件：系統連接與調節組件

7. Auxiliary components: system connection and adjustment components

輔助部件包括各類閥門、彎頭、膨脹節等，在系統中發揮關鍵作用。閥門用于控制氣流方向與流量，調節系統壓力平衡；彎頭采用大曲率半徑設計，減少物料輸送阻力與磨損；膨脹節則吸收管道因溫度變化產生的熱脹冷縮，防止管道變形損壞。這些部件的合理選型與安裝，是保障系統高效運行的重要基礎。

Auxiliary components include various valves, elbows, expansion joints, etc., which play a critical role in the system. Valves are used to control the direction and flow of airflow, regulate system pressure balance; The elbow adopts a large curvature radius design to reduce material conveying resistance and wear; The expansion joint absorbs the thermal expansion and contraction caused by temperature changes in the pipeline, preventing deformation and damage to the pipeline. The reasonable selection and installation of these components are important foundations for ensuring the efficient operation of the system.

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